The railway fastening system is an indispensable part of the track structure. Its primary function is to firmly secure the rails to the sleepers while maintaining track gauge, absorbing vibration and impact, and extending the service life of the track.
When trains travel at high speeds or heavy freight passes over the tracks, the rails are subjected to longitudinal thrust, lateral forces, and vertical impacts. Without the restraint provided by the fastening system, rails may shift, tilt, or cause track gauge deviations, potentially leading to derailments. The fastening system effectively transfers these forces to the sleepers and track bed, ensuring the geometric stability of the track and the safe operation of trains.
Main Types of Rail Fastening System
E Clip Rail Fastening System
The E-type fastening system is one of the most widely used railway fastening systems, used primarily for concrete sleepers. It is widely used in ordinary railways and heavy-load railways and is suitable for standard tracks of high-speed railways.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| E clip | 2 | 60Si2MnA, 60Si2CrA |
| Shoulder | 2 | QT500-7, QT450-10 |
| Rail pad | 1 | HDPE, rubber, or EVA |
| Insulator | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
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Nabla Clip Rail Fastening System
The Nabla fastening system is a fastening system named after its special Nabla shape. It is suitable for heavy-duty railways and corrosive environments, such as railways in mining areas.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| Clip | 2 | 60Si2MnA, 60Si2CrA |
| Insulator | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Screw spike | 2 | Grade5.6:35# |
| Spring washer | 2 | ML08AI |
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SKL3/SKL12/SKL14 rail fastening system
SKL rail fastening systems (SKL3, SKL12, SKL14 ) are known for their excellent fatigue resistance and stability and are widely used in European railway systems. It applies to high-speed railway and urban rail transit.
| Item | Quantity | Material |
|---|---|---|
| SKL tension clip | 2 | 60Si2CrA, 60Si2CrA, 38Si7 |
| Ss35 screw spike | 2 | Grade 4.6: Q235 |
| Grade 5.6: 35# | ||
| Grade 8.8: 45# | ||
| Flat washer | 2 | Q235 |
| Plastic dowel | 2 | HDPE, Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Guide plate | 2 | Reinforced Nylon 66 (PA66) |
| Rail pad | 1 | EVA, or rubber |
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The railway fastening system consists of multiple components working together, including rail clips, rail pads, rail bolts, spikes, rail anchors , and fishplates. Each component plays a specific role: rail clips secure the rail elastically, rail pads absorb impact and protect sleepers, rail bolts and spikes provide additional restraint, rail anchors limit rail longitudinal movement, and fishplates connect rail joints while maintaining alignment.
GNEE RAIL offers a full range of railway fastening products and can provide customized design and installation guidance to meet the safety and operational requirements of various railway lines and industrial tracks. For professional selection advice or a quotation, please contact us.
